Dystocic deliveries and neonatal sequelae, systematic review (2020-2025)
Keywords:
Cesarean section, Fetal dystocia, Maternal dystocia, Dystocia, Dystocic births, Maternal and child healthAbstract
Introduction: given the clinical relevance of dystocic delivery and its possible short- and long-term consequences, it is essential to have an updated synthesis of the scientific evidence on its sequelae.
Objective: to identify the main maternal-fetal sequelae associated with dystocic labor and what strategies have been shown to be effective in their prevention and management.
Methodology: a systematic and narrative review of the scientific literature was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines, focusing on studies published between 2020 and 2025. The search was carried out in international databases: PubMed, Scopus and the Google Scholar search engine. In the initial stage, approximately 420 articles were identified, of which, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 were identified.
Results: shoulder dystocia is one of the most studied obstetric complications. Macrosomia, defined by a birth weight above the 90th percentile, is a significant risk factor for the development of dystocia. The use of obstetric instruments increases the risk of trauma to both the neonate and the mother. Abnormal presentations, such as breech presentation or incomplete fetal rotation, have been associated with increased complications during delivery.
Conclusions: This review provides a solid basis for the optimization of management strategies in situations of dystocic delivery, providing relevant evidence for clinical practice and future research in obstetrics.
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References
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Copyright (c) 2025 Alejandro Antonio Fleitas-Almirall, Mariset de la Caridad Aguilar-Antúnez, Richard Marcial Gálvez-Vila, Yilianni Lorente-Espronceda
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