Cluster Headache: an invisible agony
Keywords:
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, Cluster headache, Diagnosis, Migraine disorders, TreatmentAbstract
Introduction: Cluster headache is a primary disease that affects 1 in 1000 people. In Cuba, its prevalence is low. Migraine cases are often observed, approximately 6 % in men and 15 to 17 % in women. It is the most disabling headache that a human being can experience.
Objective: to describe the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of cluster headache.
Methodological Design: a bibliographic review of 34 references in Spanish and English was carried out between May and August 2024, in the SciELO, Pubmed and Google Scholar search engine databases. The most recent published literature in accordance with the novelty of this disease was considered as a selection criterion.
Development: Cluster headache causes pain in the frontal, orbital and temporal regions. Ipsilateral neurovegetative symptoms (ptosis, tearing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion) involve activation of the trigeminovascular and parasympathetic systems and dysfunction of the cranial sympathetic system. Diagnosis is clinical. Positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies show some areas related to pain activation. Oxygen treatment is the most commonly used method for attacks.
Conclusions: Cluster headaches do not have an exact etiology. Triggering factors have been identified, such as alcohol consumption, sleep changes, and exposure to toxic odors. When pharmacological treatment does not achieve the required results, some surgeries are performed that can considerably improve the spectacular symptoms.
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