Prevalence and risk factors of smoking among workers at the Matanzas Military Hospital, 2024
Keywords:
Smoking, Healthcare Personnel, Chronic Diseases, Occupational Epidemiology, CubaAbstract
Introduction: The World Health Organization has classified smoking as a chronic, non-communicable and addictive disease with treatment and cure possibilities. Healthcare professionals, as role models for healthy behavior, should maintain low smoking prevalence.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of smoking and its association with sociodemographic variables and NCCDs among workers at the "Mario Muñoz Monroy" Military Hospital in Matanzas.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study (September-December 2024) was conducted among 759 workers (census sample). A validated survey was applied to identify: smoking status (≥1 cigarette/day), sociodemographic variables (sex, age, occupation), and NCCD diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v15 (OR, 95 % CI).
Results: The study revealed an overall smoking prevalence of 23 % among hospital staff. The analysis showed significant differences (p<0,05) in the distribution of smoking habits: men had a significantly higher prevalence than women (38,9 % vs. 14,4 %), nursing staff had the highest rate by occupation (20 %), followed by healthcare assistants (16 %), and the 30-50 age group had the highest percentage of smokers (43 %). Regarding chronic non-communicable diseases, statistically significant associations were found with high blood pressure (OR=1,62; 95 % CI: 1,12-2,34) and bronchial asthma (OR=2,14; 95 % CI: 1,42-3,22), indicating a higher risk of these conditions among smoking workers.
Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among hospital staff is slightly above national standards, with a greater incidence among men, healthcare staff, and young adults. The strong associations with cardiopulmonary diseases underscore the urgency of institutional smoking cessation programs.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Yaily Naranjo-Pérez , Aneite Melis-Suárez , Yaneisy Ramos-Domínguez , María Elisa Morales-Pérez , Ariel Luis Oviedo-Bravo
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