Best Practices in the Correction of Ametropia: A Current Social Necessity

Abstract

Ametropias (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) constitute the leading cause of treatable visual impairment among the young Cuban population, with a direct impact on academic and occupational performance, as well as quality of life. The World Health Organization recognizes these conditions as a public health priority, particularly within the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This article argues that the training of Optometry and Optics graduates in Cuba requires urgent updating to incorporate precision diagnostic technologies (wavefront aberrometry, computerized corneal topography, and artificial intelligence applied to diagnosis) and bioethical principles of comprehensive care. The exponential growth of laser refractive surgery and customized intraocular lenses demands professionals trained in presurgical evaluation and postoperative follow-up. It is proposed that the Ministry of Public Health consolidate strategies for continuous professional development that integrate clinical simulation, teleoptometry, and evidence-based best practices, thereby ensuring patient autonomy, beneficence, and equity in access to effective treatments. The sustainability of the Cuban National Health System depends on its educational capacity to respond to these technological demands without sacrificing humanistic care.